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5 Gynostemma Benefits + Side Effects, Dosage

Written by Joe Cohen, BS | Last updated:
Gynostemma

Gynostemma is sometimes called ‘the herb of immortality.’ While it’s an exaggeration to claim that this supplement could make you immortal, it could make you feel that way by boosting the immune system, increasing energy, and reducing stress. Learn more about these benefits below.

What Is Gynostemma?

Gynostemma (also called jiaogulan) has a long history of use in herbal medicine, where it is nicknamed the “immortality herb.” It is also called “poor man’s ginseng” due to providing similar benefits and costing less when compared to Panax (Asian) ginseng [1].

Ginsenoside Content

Although gynostemma and ginseng are unrelated, both contain similar beneficial compounds called ginsenosides that are not found in other plants [2].

Additionally, gynostemma produces another type of potentially beneficial compounds called gypenosides that may also benefit the immune system, promote high energy levels, and provide cellular protection [3].

Benefits of Gynostemma

Insufficient Evidence for:

The following purported benefits are only supported by limited, low-quality clinical studies and some animal research. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of gynostemma for any of the below-listed uses. You may take gynostemma if your doctor considers that it may be helpful in your case. Remember that gynostemma should never be used as a replacement for approved medical therapies.

1) Anxiety

In a clinical trial on 72 healthy people, gynostemma leaf extract lowered anxiety from chronic psychological stress [4].

Gynostemma and its active compounds also reduced anxiety from chronic stress and Parkinson’s disease in mice [5, 6, 7].

2) Weight Loss

In a clinical trial on 80 obese people, supplementation with gynostemma extract for 12 weeks reduced body weight and fat mass [8].

Gynostemma extract also reduced weight in obese mice [9, 10].

Compounds in gynostemma improve blood flow during exercise and thus may increase exercise capacity [11]. This could help people aiming to lose weight to exercise longer and thus see faster results.

Gynostemma extract may boost fat burning and makes muscle cells more sensitive to insulin by activating the energy sensor molecule AMPK [12].

The protein PTP1B promotes obesity and reduces insulin sensitivity, but gynostemma extract can reduce the production of this protein [13, 14, 15].

3) Diabetes

Drinking gynostemma tea for 12 weeks reduced blood sugar levels before meals and insulin resistance in a clinical trial on 24 people with type 2 diabetes [16].

A complex carbohydrate isolated from gynostemma had similar effects in diabetic mice [17].

In rats, gynostemma regulated blood sugar and boosted antioxidant enzymes by promoting the transcription factor NRF2 [18].

Supplementing gynostemma may improve insulin sensitivity by activating the energy sensor AMPK, as seen in cell-based studies [12].

Other compounds from gynostemma may reduce the protein PTP1B, an insulin regulator that is being explored for the treatment of obesity and diabetes [13, 15].

Gypenosides extracted from gynostemma decreased pathways that lead to cholesterol production in cell-based studies [19].

4) Liver Health

Gynostemma extract may support healthy liver function in a variety of diseases.

In a clinical trial on 56 people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gynostemma extract (as an add-on to conventional therapy) reduced liver cell death (liver damage markers AST and ALP), body mass index, and insulin resistance [20].

Similarly, gynostemma supplementation reduced liver fat accumulation and liver cell death in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [21, 22, 23].

Treatment with gynostemma improved liver cell survival in animal models of chronic liver injury [24, 21].

It also prevented the growth of cancer cells, possibly slowing disease progression [25].

5) Cardiovascular Health

Narrowed arteries can reduce healthy blood flow, and chronically narrowed arteries are a major cause of heart disease [3, 26].

Compounds in gynostemma extract may help to maintain healthy blood flow and prevent excess arterial narrowing. Because they don’t widen arteries that are already open, gynostemma is less likely to cause unpleasant side effects like flushing and nasal congestion when compared with other drugs and supplements [3].

Regularly consuming tea made from gynostemma and hibiscus was associated with lower cholesterol in a small, uncontrolled study on 48 people [27].

Gynostemma protected the heart from damage during a heart attack in animal models [28, 26, 29].

Gynostemma extract improved energy levels in cells and may aid recovery from exercise [12].

Gynostemma extract also helps prevent electrolyte imbalances, which can strain the cardiovascular system [30].

Animal and Cell Research (Lack of Evidence)

No clinical evidence supports the use of gynostemma for any of the conditions listed in this section. Below is a summary of the existing animal and cell-based research, which should guide further investigational efforts. However, the studies listed should not be interpreted as supportive of any health benefit.

Allergies

Th2 immune system dominance contributes to seasonal allergies and asthma [31, 32].

Supplementing gynostemma boosted Th1 immune cell production in mice and rats, which balances an overactivated Th2 system [33, 34, 35].

Gynostemma treatment lowered multiple inflammatory molecules associated with allergies in animal studies:

  • Gynostemma stabilizes mast cells and reduces histamine production [36]
  • Gynostemma reduces airway inflammation caused by Th2 cytokines [37, 3, 38]
  • Gynostemma reduces the activation of inflammatory astrocytes [39]

Gynostemma increased Th1 immune system activity by activating PPAR alpha in cell-based studies [3]. This may help explain how gynostemma could reduce allergy symptoms caused by Th2 dominance.

Compounds from gynostemma may also limit inflammation by boosting nitric oxide and activating AMPK, as seen in cell studies [40, 12].

Brain Protection

Preliminary evidence suggests that gynostemma extract protects brain cells from damage.

In an animal model, gynostemma protected the brain from damage caused by low oxygen [41].

Moreover, gynostemma is being studied in rats as part of a potential treatment for recovery from stroke [42].

Gynostemma protected brain cells from damage caused by low oxygen and low blood sugar [43, 42].

Laboratory animals under excessive stress learn new skills more slowly. Treating stressed animals with gynostemma reduced these negative changes in learning rates [39].

Gynostemma extract protected cells from damage in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease [44].

Higher doses of the extract provided greater protection, which shows promise for a close relationship between supplementation and protection [44].

In Alzheimer’s disease, beta-amyloid molecules damage neural cells, but gynostemma extract protected those cells in a laboratory setting [45].

Compounds in gynostemma managed the balance of sodium and potassium ions in cells, protecting the brain from glutamate-induced oxidative stress [30].

Gynostemma activates the PPAR-alpha pathway, which may boost energy production [46, 3].

The PPAR alpha pathway also increases the amount of glucose available as fuel [46, 3]. This increased cellular energy likely explains how gynostemma may protect cells from various types of stress.

Gynostemma may also limit inflammation by boosting nitric oxide and activating AMPK, which could explain how it may protect the brain [40, 12].

Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory

Gynostemma extract increased the levels of both beneficial immune cells and antioxidant enzymes in animal models of immune suppression [33].

Gynostemma enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced oxidative cell damage in animal studies [39, 47].

Gynostemma protected the brain from damage caused by a variety of stressors in animals and isolated brain slices [43, 47, 42, 44].

Also, gynostemma extract neutralized free radicals in cell studies [47].

Gynostemma activated the PPAR alpha pathway, which supports energy production and regulates the amount of glucose available as energy [46, 3].

Gynostemma is also an activator of AMPK, which also protects cells by boosting available energy. These effects may contribute to the cellular protection observed in the studies [12].

Cancer

Below, we will discuss some preliminary research on the anticancer activity of gynostemma. It’s still in the animal and cell stage and further clinical studies have yet to determine if its compounds are useful in cancer therapies.

Do not under any circumstances attempt to replace conventional cancer therapies with gynostemma, its components, or any other dietary interventions. If you want to use them as supportive measures, talk to your doctor to avoid any unexpected interactions.

Gynostemma extract reduced the spread of colon cancer in an animal model [48].

Animal studies showed increased production of antioxidant enzymes that help fight cancer during supplementation with gynostemma [48, 49].

Compounds extracted from gynostemma prevented lung cancer from spreading in human cell studies [49].

Chronic elevation of the Th2 system is a risk factor for developing breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Gynostemma may reduce this risk because it reduces excess Th2 inflammation [33, 34, 35].

Information on Using Gynostemma

Dosage

Because gynostemma is not approved by the FDA for any conditions, there is no official dose. Users and supplement manufacturers have established unofficial doses based on trial and error. Talk to your doctor before supplementing with gynostemma and never use it to replace what your doctor recommends or prescribes.

Gynostemma leaves can be prepared and consumed as a tea. Gynostemma tea has been used in smaller studies as well as in traditional medicine.

A standardized extract delivers a higher concentration of the beneficial compounds, but there are no well-controlled studies to recommend an optimal dosage.

Gynostemma Side Effects and Caution

Keep in mind that the safety profile of gynostemma is relatively unknown given the lack of well-designed clinical studies. Therefore, the list of side effects and drug interactions is not a definite one. You should consult your doctor about other potential side effects based on your health condition and possible drug or supplement interactions.

Gynostemma should not be taken with drugs that suppress the immune system since it could potentially make them less effective by acting as an immune stimulant [33, 34, 35].

Gynostemma can increase blood flow, which can increase the side effects of other drugs or supplements that slow blood clotting.

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About the Author

Joe Cohen, BS

Joe Cohen, BS

Joe Cohen flipped the script on conventional and alternative medicine…and it worked. Growing up, he suffered from inflammation, brain fog, fatigue, digestive problems, insomnia, anxiety, and other issues that were poorly understood in traditional healthcare. Frustrated by the lack of good information and tools, Joe decided to embark on a learning journey to decode his DNA and track his biomarkers in search of better health. Through this personalized approach, he discovered his genetic weaknesses and was able to optimize his health 10X better than he ever thought was possible. Based on his own health success, he went on to found SelfDecode, the world’s first direct-to-consumer DNA analyzer & precision health tool that utilizes AI-driven polygenic risk scoring to produce accurate insights and health recommendations. Today, SelfDecode has helped over 100,000 people understand how to get healthier using their DNA and labs.
Joe is a thriving entrepreneur, with a mission of empowering people to take advantage of the precision health revolution and uncover insights from their DNA and biomarkers so that we can all feel great all of the time.

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